Nowadays, the fundamental role of having a purpose for life in physical and mental health has been confirmed. According to victor frankl, presence of a purpose in life gives life a meaning and increases resilience against pains and traumas. The importance of the purpose in life construct reveals the need for a reliable and valid tool to measure it. Crumbaugh and Maholick's purpose in life questionnaire is the first and one of the most applied tools for the assessment of life's purposefulness. The aim of this research is to determine the factor STRUCTURE of purpose in life questionnaire. The questionnaire was administered on 206 students who were selected through random stratified sampling at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. Exploratory factor analysis showed that there are two factors "comprehension" and "purpose" and this finding were confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Altogether results of this research showed factor validity of the purpose in life questionnaire with a two factor pattern

Modern ORGANIZATIONs are dependent on factors such as ability, creativity and innovation of their human resources, to survive and challenge the existing norms. With the rapid advancements of the industries in global competition, the importance of entrepreneurial thinking and processes in ORGANIZATIONs has been emphasized more than before and the managers and planners of ORGANIZATIONs needs to provide an appropriate basis for educating and building entrepreneurship spirit among the staff, to survive, deal with challenges and development, that one of the necessary bases is the appropriate ORGANIZATIONal STRUCTURE. In the current research, the relationship between ORGANIZATIONal STRUCTURE and entrepreneurship has been evaluated. Accordingly, the main goal of this study is the ORGANIZATIONal and STRUCTURE and entrepreneurship that the ORGANIZATIONal factors include formalization, complexity and concentration on the extent of line and staff, and the ORGANIZATIONal entrepreneurship factors have been evaluated in the extent of line and staffas well. To achieve the purposes stated above and to identify the relationship between the factors of ORGANIZATIONal STRUCTURE and entrepreneurship after the design and development of research model, the hypotheses (assumptions) was presented and finally in order to evaluate the main goal of the research, one question and three sub-hypothesis were created The results of the research have shown that, there is a significant relationship between the components of ORGANIZATIONal STRUCTURE (concentration, & formalization) and ORGANIZATIONal entrepreneurship in the extent of line and staff But no such significant relationship was observed between the complexity and ORGANIZATIONal entrepreneurship.

Gene families are considered as groups of homologous genes which they share very similar sequences and they may have identical functions. Members of gene families may be found in tandem repeats or interspersed through the genome. These sequences are copies of the ancestral genes which have underwent changes. The multiple copies of each gene in a family were constructed based on gene duplications and reverse transcription in the genome, which in turn, would give rise to gene variability in an individual or population. Furthermore, it would provide the cell`s vital demands for duplication, transcription, and translation. Differences in family size due to gene duplication and gene loss in cell-specific lineages may provide insights of evolutionary forces that have shaped the mammalian genome. Positive selection and concerted evolution are the main forces and the original candidates of shaping gene families and their larger partner, gene superfamily.

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ajar era is regarded as one of fluctuated eras of Iranian social history. Reformist measures of such elites as Abbas Mirza and Amir Kabir, spreading out the visits of authorities to Europe, visits by foreigners and giving counselor privileges to them and development of social communication through newspapers and so on caused the growth and development of political and governmental STRUCTUREs. These developments affected the spheres of order and security too. This article deals with the study of this issue and by using documents and historical sources deals with the STRUCTURE and ORGANIZATION of Nazmieh in Qajar era, from Ahmad Shah to Mohammad Shah eras. The findings indicate that at the outset of Qajar government, following the Safavid government, Nazmieh affairs were limited to the capital, and the rulers preserved order and secuirty in other cities which were mostly the rulers' interests. Afterwards, by development of relations with other countries and familiarization with their cultures and conducting these issues through counseling, new patterns of police management formed and they established constant STRUCTUREs and ORGANIZATIONs like Nazmieh Ministry.

Basic and applied research and development of research center are main factors in more nation's Economical growth wich leads to independently of a society.In this research work, factors which influence ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE such as environment; technology, size of ORGANIZATION and view of top managers and also strategy in this regards has been studied. Relationship between these factors and ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE is investigated. For organizing the research development activities in mineral industries, the IMIDRO company and related ORGANIZATION is being selected as pilot study. A questionairy is being formatted and the views of research managers of IMIDRO company is being collected and Analysed with Minitab software, T-method and one sided test. The results has been analysed and reported property.